Multicase Analysis

IPED supports multicase analysis, allowing you to search and analyze multiple processed cases simultaneously. This is essential for large investigations spanning multiple evidence sources or tracking patterns across related cases.

Overview

Multicase support enables:

Unified Search: Search across all cases with a single query
Cross-Case Correlation: Find connections between items in different cases
Massive Scale: Handle up to 135 million items across multiple cases
Centralized Bookmarks: Create bookmarks that span multiple cases
Graph Analysis: Build relationship graphs across case boundaries

IPED achieved processing 135 million items in a multicase as of December 12, 2019, demonstrating its capability to handle extremely large investigations.

Creating a Multicase

Prerequisites

Each case must be fully processed before being added to a multicase:

Process Individual Cases

Process each case separately first:

# Process case 1
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect1 --output /cases/case1

# Process case 2
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect2 --output /cases/case2

# Process case 3
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect3 --output /cases/case3

Launch with Multicase Flag

Open IPED with the -multicases flag:

java -jar iped.jar -multicases

This opens a case selection dialog.

Select Cases

In the UI, select multiple case folders:

Hold Ctrl/Cmd to select multiple folders
Choose all cases you want to analyze together
Click OK to load the multicase

Command-Line Method

You can also specify cases directly:

java -jar iped.jar \
  -multicases \
  -d /cases/case1 \
  -d /cases/case2 \
  -d /cases/case3

Multicase Interface

Source Identification

In multicase mode, the interface shows which case each item belongs to:

Source Column: Displays the originating case for each item
Color Coding: Different cases may have distinct colors
Filtering: Filter results by source case

Search Across Cases

Search queries automatically span all loaded cases:

# Find all emails across all cases
type:email

# Find documents mentioning "offshore" in any case
offshore AND type:pdf

# Find images in a specific case
type:image AND source:case1

Cross-Case Bookmarks

Bookmarks in multicase mode can contain items from multiple sources:

Search: password AND (type:doc OR type:pdf)
Select relevant items from all cases
Create bookmark: "Password Documents"
Bookmark now contains items from multiple cases

Performance Considerations

Hardware Requirements

Multicase analysis requires substantial resources:

Small Multicase
Medium Multicase
Large Multicase

< 10 million items

RAM: 16 GB minimum
CPU: 4+ cores
Storage: SSD recommended
Java Heap: -Xmx8G

10-50 million items

RAM: 32 GB minimum
CPU: 8+ cores
Storage: Fast SSD required
Java Heap: -Xmx16G

50-135 million items

RAM: 64 GB+ recommended
CPU: 16+ cores
Storage: NVMe SSD
Java Heap: -Xmx32G or more

Memory Configuration

Adjust Java heap size based on your multicase:

# Small multicase (< 10M items)
java -Xmx8G -jar iped.jar -multicases

# Medium multicase (10-50M items)
java -Xmx16G -jar iped.jar -multicases

# Large multicase (50M+ items)
java -Xmx32G -Xms32G -jar iped.jar -multicases

Loading Time

Multicase loading time varies by size:

Items	Typical Load Time	Notes
1M	< 1 minute	Fast
10M	2-5 minutes	Acceptable
50M	10-20 minutes	Prepare coffee
135M	30-60 minutes	Be patient

Use filtered sub-cases for daily work, and only load the full multicase when necessary.

Use Cases

Corporate Investigation

Investigate multiple employees’ devices:

# Process each employee's device
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/employee1_laptop --output /cases/emp1
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/employee2_laptop --output /cases/emp2
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/employee3_laptop --output /cases/emp3

# Analyze together
java -jar iped.jar -multicases -d /cases/emp1 -d /cases/emp2 -d /cases/emp3

Search scenarios:

Find communications between suspects: from:emp1 AND to:emp2
Track document sharing: author:emp1 AND path:*emp2*
Identify common files: hash:abc123 (finds duplicates across cases)

Criminal Investigation

Multiple suspects with multiple devices:

# Suspect 1: phone + laptop
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect1_phone --output /cases/s1_phone
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect1_laptop --output /cases/s1_laptop

# Suspect 2: phone + tablet
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect2_phone --output /cases/s2_phone
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/suspect2_tablet --output /cases/s2_tablet

# Multicase analysis
java -jar iped.jar -multicases \
  -d /cases/s1_phone \
  -d /cases/s1_laptop \
  -d /cases/s2_phone \
  -d /cases/s2_tablet

Analysis goals:

Timeline correlation across devices
Communication patterns between suspects
Shared contacts and locations
File transfers between devices

Long-Term Investigation

Add cases over time as new evidence arrives:

# Start with initial evidence
java -jar iped.jar -multicases -d /cases/2023_01_evidence

# Later, add new evidence without reprocessing old
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /new_evidence --output /cases/2023_06_evidence

# Analyze everything together
java -jar iped.jar -multicases \
  -d /cases/2023_01_evidence \
  -d /cases/2023_06_evidence \
  -d /cases/2023_12_evidence

Cross-Case Features

Duplicate Detection

Find identical files across cases using hash matching:

# Find files appearing in multiple cases
hash:abc123def456

# Find duplicate emails
type:email AND messageId:"<unique@message.id>"

The duplicate counter shows how many times each file appears across all cases.

Graph Analysis

Graph analysis can merge data across cases:

Enable Graph Analysis

Ensure GraphTask is enabled in all case processing:

TaskInstaller.xml

<task class="iped.engine.graph.GraphTask"></task>

Open Graph View

In multicase mode:

Tools → Graph Analysis
Select entities to analyze (contacts, locations, etc.)
Graph shows connections across all cases

Analyze Patterns

Find common contacts across suspects
Identify communication clusters
Track money transfers
Map location patterns

Timeline Analysis

Unified timeline across all cases:

Open Timeline view
Events from all cases appear together
Color-coded by source case
Filter by case, date range, or event type

Example workflow:

Set date range: 2023-01-15 to 2023-01-20
Filter event types: Calls, Messages, File Access
Identify suspicious time overlaps between suspects
Create bookmark: "Timeline Correlation - Jan 15"

Web API for Multicases

The Web API supports multicase access:

sources.json

[
  {
    "id": "suspect1_phone",
    "path": "/cases/s1_phone"
  },
  {
    "id": "suspect1_laptop",
    "path": "/cases/s1_laptop"
  },
  {
    "id": "suspect2_phone",
    "path": "/cases/s2_phone"
  }
]

# Start Web API with multicase
java -jar iped-web-api.jar --sources sources.json

# Search across all cases
curl "http://localhost:8080/search?q=cocaine"

# Search specific case
curl "http://localhost:8080/search?q=cocaine&sourceID=suspect1_phone"

See Web API for full API documentation.

Multicase Storage

Directory Structure

Multicase creates metadata in a shared directory:

iped-multicases/
└── multicase-{hash}/
    ├── graph/           # Cross-case graph database
    ├── bookmarks/       # Shared bookmarks
    └── cache/           # Timeline and search cache

Disk Space

Multicase metadata is minimal compared to source cases:

Items	Case Size	Multicase Overhead
1M	~50 GB	~500 MB
10M	~500 GB	~2 GB
50M	~2 TB	~10 GB
135M	~5 TB	~25 GB

Best Practices

Process Cases Consistently

Use the same processing profile for all cases in a multicase:

# Use same profile for all
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/case1 --output /cases/case1 --profile forensic
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/case2 --output /cases/case2 --profile forensic
java -jar iped.jar --dataSource /evidence/case3 --output /cases/case3 --profile forensic

Inconsistent processing can lead to missing correlations.

Use Meaningful Case Names

Name cases clearly in the file system:

Good:
/cases/2023_investigation/suspect1_phone
/cases/2023_investigation/suspect1_laptop
/cases/2023_investigation/suspect2_phone

Bad:
/cases/case1
/cases/case2
/cases/output

Incremental Analysis

Start with a subset of cases, then expand:

# Week 1: Analyze primary suspects
java -jar iped.jar -multicases -d /cases/suspect1 -d /cases/suspect2

# Week 2: Add related cases
java -jar iped.jar -multicases \
  -d /cases/suspect1 \
  -d /cases/suspect2 \
  -d /cases/suspect3 \
  -d /cases/witness1

Bookmark Management

Organize bookmarks by source or topic:

[S1] Communication Evidence
[S2] Financial Documents
[ALL] Shared Files
[Timeline] Jan 15-20 Activity

Prefix indicates scope.

Regular Exports

Export key findings regularly:

# Export bookmarked items to portable case
Tools → Generate Report → Portable Case

# Export to CSV for external analysis
Tools → Generate Report → CSV Report

Limitations

Known limitations in multicase mode:

Image Viewing: Robust image reading may not work in all multicase scenarios
Graph Merging: Currently copies nodes from single cases (not true merge)
Processing: Cannot trigger new processing in multicase mode
Reports: Some report types work better with single cases

Workarounds

For image issues:

Open individual cases when detailed image analysis is needed
Use thumbnails in multicase mode
Export images for external viewing

For graph limitations:

Generate graphs in individual cases first
Use graph view for cross-case visualization
Export graph data for external analysis

Performance Tuning

JVM Options

Optimize for large multicases:

java -Xmx32G \
     -Xms32G \
     -XX:+UseG1GC \
     -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 \
     -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled \
     -XX:+UseStringDeduplication \
     -jar iped.jar -multicases

Case Optimization

Before creating multicase:

Remove unnecessary items: Use filters during processing
Deduplicate: Enable hash deduplication
Compact indices: Optimize Lucene indices
Archive old cases: Move inactive cases out of multicase

Query Optimization

# SLOW - searches all text in all cases
*keyword*

# FASTER - narrow by field
path:*keyword*

# FASTEST - specific field with no wildcards
type:email AND from:suspect@example.com

Troubleshooting

Out of Memory

Error: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space Solution: Increase heap size:

java -Xmx64G -jar iped.jar -multicases

Slow Loading

Problem: Multicase takes too long to load Solutions:

Reduce number of cases
Use faster storage (NVMe SSD)
Increase RAM allocation
Close other applications

Case Not Found

Error: Case directory not found or invalid Checks:

Ensure case is fully processed
Check for .iped marker file
Verify path is correct
Confirm case index is intact

Indexing Issues

Problem: Some cases don’t appear in search Solutions:

Rebuild case index: java -jar iped.jar --reindex /cases/case1
Check case processing logs for errors
Verify all cases use compatible IPED versions

Next Steps

Web API

Access multicases remotely via REST API

Scripting

Automate multicase analysis with scripts

​Overview

​Creating a Multicase

​Prerequisites

​Command-Line Method

​Multicase Interface

​Source Identification

​Search Across Cases

​Cross-Case Bookmarks

​Performance Considerations

​Hardware Requirements

​Memory Configuration

​Loading Time

​Use Cases

​Corporate Investigation

​Criminal Investigation

​Long-Term Investigation

​Cross-Case Features

​Duplicate Detection

​Graph Analysis

​Timeline Analysis

​Web API for Multicases

​Multicase Storage

​Directory Structure

​Disk Space

​Best Practices

​Limitations

​Workarounds

​Performance Tuning

​JVM Options

​Case Optimization

​Query Optimization

​Troubleshooting

​Out of Memory

​Slow Loading

​Case Not Found

​Indexing Issues

​Next Steps

Web API

Scripting

Overview

Creating a Multicase

Prerequisites

Command-Line Method

Multicase Interface

Source Identification

Search Across Cases

Cross-Case Bookmarks

Performance Considerations

Hardware Requirements

Memory Configuration

Loading Time

Use Cases

Corporate Investigation

Criminal Investigation

Long-Term Investigation

Cross-Case Features

Duplicate Detection

Graph Analysis

Timeline Analysis

Web API for Multicases

Multicase Storage

Directory Structure

Disk Space

Best Practices

Limitations

Workarounds

Performance Tuning

JVM Options

Case Optimization

Query Optimization

Troubleshooting

Out of Memory

Slow Loading

Case Not Found

Indexing Issues

Next Steps